sendmmsg(2) — Linux manual page

sendmmsg(2)                System Calls Manual               sendmmsg(2)

NAME

       sendmmsg - send multiple messages on a socket

LIBRARY

       Standard C library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS

       #define _GNU_SOURCE         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
       #include <sys/socket.h>

       int sendmmsg(int sockfd, struct mmsghdr *msgvec, unsigned int vlen,
                    int flags);

DESCRIPTION

       The sendmmsg() system call is an extension of sendmsg(2) that
       allows the caller to transmit multiple messages on a socket using
       a single system call.  (This has performance benefits for some
       applications.)

       The sockfd argument is the file descriptor of the socket on which
       data is to be transmitted.

       The msgvec argument is a pointer to an array of mmsghdr
       structures.  The size of this array is specified in vlen.

       The mmsghdr structure is defined in <sys/socket.h> as:

           struct mmsghdr {
               struct msghdr msg_hdr;  /* Message header */
               unsigned int  msg_len;  /* Number of bytes transmitted */
           };

       The msg_hdr field is a msghdr structure, as described in
       sendmsg(2).  The msg_len field is used to return the number of
       bytes sent from the message in msg_hdr (i.e., the same as the
       return value from a single sendmsg(2) call).

       The flags argument contains flags ORed together.  The flags are
       the same as for sendmsg(2).

       A blocking sendmmsg() call blocks until vlen messages have been
       sent.  A nonblocking call sends as many messages as possible (up
       to the limit specified by vlen) and returns immediately.

       On return from sendmmsg(), the msg_len fields of successive
       elements of msgvec are updated to contain the number of bytes
       transmitted from the corresponding msg_hdr.  The return value of
       the call indicates the number of elements of msgvec that have
       been updated.

RETURN VALUE

       On success, sendmmsg() returns the number of messages sent from
       msgvec; if this is less than vlen, the caller can retry with a
       further sendmmsg() call to send the remaining messages.

       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS

       Errors are as for sendmsg(2).  An error is returned only if no
       datagrams could be sent.  See also BUGS.

STANDARDS

       Linux.

HISTORY

       Linux 3.0, glibc 2.14.

NOTES

       The value specified in vlen is capped to UIO_MAXIOV (1024).

BUGS

       If an error occurs after at least one message has been sent, the
       call succeeds, and returns the number of messages sent.  The
       error code is lost.  The caller can retry the transmission,
       starting at the first failed message, but there is no guarantee
       that, if an error is returned, it will be the same as the one
       that was lost on the previous call.

EXAMPLES

       The example below uses sendmmsg() to send onetwo and three in two
       distinct UDP datagrams using one system call.  The contents of
       the first datagram originates from a pair of buffers.

       #define _GNU_SOURCE
       #include <arpa/inet.h>
       #include <netinet/in.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>
       #include <string.h>
       #include <sys/socket.h>
       #include <sys/types.h>

       int
       main(void)
       {
           int                 retval;
           int                 sockfd;
           struct iovec        msg1[2], msg2;
           struct mmsghdr      msg[2];
           struct sockaddr_in  addr;

           sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
           if (sockfd == -1) {
               perror("socket()");
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
           addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
           addr.sin_port = htons(1234);
           if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1) {
               perror("connect()");
               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
           }

           memset(msg1, 0, sizeof(msg1));
           msg1[0].iov_base = "one";
           msg1[0].iov_len = 3;
           msg1[1].iov_base = "two";
           msg1[1].iov_len = 3;

           memset(&msg2, 0, sizeof(msg2));
           msg2.iov_base = "three";
           msg2.iov_len = 5;

           memset(msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
           msg[0].msg_hdr.msg_iov = msg1;
           msg[0].msg_hdr.msg_iovlen = 2;

           msg[1].msg_hdr.msg_iov = &msg2;
           msg[1].msg_hdr.msg_iovlen = 1;

           retval = sendmmsg(sockfd, msg, 2, 0);
           if (retval == -1)
               perror("sendmmsg()");
           else
               printf("%d messages sent\n", retval);

           exit(0);
       }

SEE ALSO

       recvmmsg(2), sendmsg(2), socket(2), socket(7)

COLOPHON

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Linux man-pages 6.9.1          2024-06-15                    sendmmsg(2)

Pages that refer to this page: recvmmsg(2), send(2), syscalls(2)

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