exp(3p) — Linux manual page

EXP(3P)                 POSIX Programmer's Manual                EXP(3P)

PROLOG

       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The
       Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the
       corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
       or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       exp, expf, expl — exponential function

SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double exp(double x);
       float expf(float x);
       long double expl(long double x);

DESCRIPTION

       The functionality described on this reference page is aligned
       with the ISO C standard. Any conflict between the requirements
       described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional. This
       volume of POSIX.1‐2017 defers to the ISO C standard.

       These functions shall compute the base-e exponential of x.

       An application wishing to check for error situations should set
       errno to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before
       calling these functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or
       fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW |
       FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.

RETURN VALUE

       Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the
       exponential value of x.

       If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall
       occur and exp(), expf(), and expl() shall return the value of the
       macro HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, and HUGE_VALL, respectively.

       If the correct value would cause underflow, and is not
       representable, a range error may occur, and exp(), expf(), and
       expl() shall return 0.0, or (if the IEC 60559 Floating-Point
       option is not supported) an implementation-defined value no
       greater in magnitude than DBL_MIN, FLT_MIN, and LDBL_MIN,
       respectively.

       If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.

       If x is ±0, 1 shall be returned.

       If x is -Inf, +0 shall be returned.

       If x is +Inf, x shall be returned.

       If the correct value would cause underflow, and is representable,
       a range error may occur and the correct value shall be returned.

ERRORS

       These functions shall fail if:

       Range Error The result overflows.

                   If the integer expression (math_errhandling &
                   MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to
                   [ERANGE].  If the integer expression
                   (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then
                   the overflow floating-point exception shall be
                   raised.

       These functions may fail if:

       Range Error The result underflows.

                   If the integer expression (math_errhandling &
                   MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to
                   [ERANGE].  If the integer expression
                   (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then
                   the underflow floating-point exception shall be
                   raised.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES

   Computing the Density of the Standard Normal Distribution
       This function shows an implementation for the density of the
       standard normal distribution using exp().  This example uses the
       constant M_PI which is part of the XSI option.

           #include <math.h>

           double
           normal_density (double x)
           {
               return exp(-x*x/2) / sqrt (2*M_PI);
           }

APPLICATION USAGE

       On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and
       (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each
       other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.

RATIONALE

       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       feclearexcept(3p), fetestexcept(3p), isnan(3p), log(3p)

       The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 4.20,
       Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions,
       math.h(0p)

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic
       form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information
       Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The
       Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright
       (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
       Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.  In the event of any
       discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The
       Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group
       Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be
       obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page
       are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of
       the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group               2017                           EXP(3P)

Pages that refer to this page: math.h(0p), exp2(3p), expm1(3p), lgamma(3p), log(3p), pow(3p)

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