What is this black spotted disease on my orange tree?

Question

Is this mushroom or animal? I can remove the black dots by slightly scratching the leaves.

Answer 1

If you can remove them from the leave then they are scale. Due to the dark colour I believe they are Black Scale (Saissetia oleae). They suck juices from the plant and excrete a sugary sap. Look for sticky leaves. Ants are sometimes seen in close company with these pests.

For small plants some control can be done with soap and water but a complete answer is here.

They are described here and an excellent answer on maintenance of citrus is here

Edit @RockScience feels they are a different species of scale for which a reference can be found here. Either way soap and water and possibly a toothbrush for "hands on" pest control will work.