When should I sow my broccoli seeds indoors and when should I transplant outside?
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Look up the last frost date for your zip code here. Duluth, for example, has a last frost date of May 21.
Or, as Ed Staub points out in a comment below, for a better picture of the situation go to the original source of the data at the National Climatic Data Center (1971-2000):
- View the data sheet for your state.
- In the "State and Station Name" column, find the observation station that is nearest and/or most like your location weather-wise.
- In the row for 32°F, read across to the 50% column. (This means that there is a 50% chance of a temperature below 32°F after that date.)
- This date is a reasonable time to transplant broccoli.
- If you are going to cover the transplants -- which is an effective cabbage looper protection -- then you might be able to transplant a week or two early depending on how heavy your row cover fabric is.
You can transplant broccoli outside a week or two before the last frost date, and start the seed 4 to 6 weeks prior to the transplant date.
About a week before you transplant, start hardening off the plants: first set them outside on a moderate day for a couple of hours, avoiding winds or too much intense sunlight. Then set them outside for longer periods each day. This lets them acclimate to outside conditions so they don't get a sudden shock.
