You can go to an 18 inch bar.
If you want to change pitch (chain link length between rivets) from 0.325 to 0.375 (3/8") you will need a new sprocket of that pitch as well. Think "gears not meshing" for a mismatch of chain and sprocket pitch.
Or you could go 18" and 0.325 and not need a sprocket change.
When I search for MS260 bars, the Stihl site comes up with nothing, well, one vague option that's not available, oddly, and other sites offer 16, 18, 20 and 24 inches, all in 0.325 pitch.
As far as I can make out from the manual that comes up only in German, .325, .404, 3/8 and 1/4 are all supported pitches.
This arborist site discussion mostly suggests sticking to 0.325 (it's not a particularly big motor. 3/8 chain cuts more wood into sawdust, making more work for the motor.) 3/8 (0.375) is the pitch being longer than 0.325, but it comes with a wider chisel tooth and thicker chain, so more kerf, meaning more sawdust per cut.